What is Biophilia?

What is Biophilia and how does it relate to design?



As early as 1964 the term 'biophilia' was coined by psychoanalyst Erich Fromm who defined it as 'the connections that human beings subconsciously seek with the rest of life'. The 'biophilia' hypothesis was further researched and popularised by biologist Edward O. Wilson in his book of the same title in 1984. He argues that humans are innately connected to nature; "the urge to associate with other forms of life."

In relation to design and landscape architecture, biophilia often involves incorporating nature at all levels, creating an immersive experience for the senses that highlight nature's beauty. Design that intentionally connects the user to directly experience nature within a built environment. Studies have proven that the closer our relationship with nature, the better one's mental and physical well-being. Achieving a symbiosis with nature via design requires certain principles: 

1. Visual Connection with Nature 








2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature 









3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli 







4. Thermal & Airflow Variability 








5. Presence of Water 








6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light


 






7. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns 









8. Material Connection with Nature 











10. Prospect/Refuge











"Biophilia is humankind’s innate biological connection with nature. It helps explain why crackling fires and crashing waves captivate us; why a garden view can enhance our creativity; why shadows and heights instill fascination and fear; and why animal companionship and strolling through a park have restorative, healing effects." (Source: Terrapin Bright Green) 


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